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Chapter 4: Estimation

Once we have found strategies for identifying causal quantities, we need to choose how to estimate those causal quantities using statistical methods. We des...

Chapter 3: Identification

Once we have captured our causal assumptions in the form of a model, the second stage of causal analysis is identification. In this stage, our goal is to an...

Chapter 2: Models and Assumptions

Conventional statistical and machine learning problems are data focused. While data is a critical part of causal reasoning, it is not the only part. Just as...